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Coordinate geometry calculators

Calculators for points, lines and curves on a coordinate grid, and for lines and planes in three dimensions. They give exact surds and fractions where possible, and graph lines and curves so you can check the result at a glance.

Which calculator do I need?

You have or wantUse
The distance and midpoint between two pointsDistance and midpoint calculator
The equation of a line through two points, or from a slope and a pointStraight line equation calculator
Where two lines cross, or how far a point is from a lineLine calculator
A point dividing a segment in a ratio, or a triangle’s centroidPoint calculator
The tangent line, turning points or arc length of y = f(x)Curve calculator
Whether an equation is a circle, ellipse, parabola or hyperbolaConic sections calculator
The angle between two planes, or a line and a plane in space3D geometry calculator

Points and distances

Measure between points and locate special points such as midpoints and centroids.

Straight lines

Write a line’s equation in any form, and find how two lines relate.

Curves, conics and 3D

Go beyond straight lines: graphs of functions, second-degree curves and geometry in space.

Which calculator for which object

The calculators follow the objects they work on. Two points go to the distance and midpoint calculator. Three or more points, such as a triangle’s vertices or a segment divided in a ratio, go to the point calculator. One line goes to the straight line equation calculator, and two lines, or a line and a point, go to the line calculator. Curves go to the curve and conic sections calculators, and anything with a z-coordinate goes to the 3D geometry calculator.

Worked comparison: two points, four results

Take A(1, 2) and B(4, 6). The horizontal change is 3 and the vertical change is 4.

  • Distance: √(3² + 4²) = 5.
  • Midpoint: ((1 + 4)/2, (2 + 6)/2) = (2.5, 4).
  • Slope: 4/3.
  • Line through them: y = (4/3)x + 2/3, or in general form 4x − 3y + 2 = 0. Both points satisfy it: 4 − 6 + 2 = 0 and 16 − 18 + 2 = 0.

From the general form, the distance from the origin to the line is |2| ÷ √(4² + 3²) = 0.4. The line calculator finds this with the point-to-line formula.

Common mix-ups

  • Undefined versus zero slope. A vertical line such as x = 3 has an undefined slope and no slope-intercept form. A horizontal line has slope 0. Use general form ax + by + c = 0 to write either.
  • Perpendicular slopes multiply to −1. A line perpendicular to one with slope 4/3 has slope −3/4, not 3/4 or −4/3.
  • Circle or ellipse? x² + y² terms with equal coefficients give a circle, and unequal coefficients with the same sign give an ellipse. The conic sections calculator classifies the general equation from its discriminant, B² − 4AC.

Guides to read alongside

Common questions

What forms of a line equation are there?
The usual four are slope-intercept (y = mx + c), point-slope (y − y₁ = m(x − x₁)), general (ax + by + c = 0) and intercept form (x/a + y/b = 1). They describe the same line; the straight line equation calculator gives all four at once.
How do I find where two lines intersect?
Solve their equations together, as a pair of simultaneous equations. The line calculator does this and also reports when the lines are parallel (no intersection) or the same line (infinitely many).
Does the distance calculator work in three dimensions?
Yes. Add a z-coordinate to each point and it uses √(Δx² + Δy² + Δz²). For lines and planes in space, such as the shortest distance between skew lines, use the 3D geometry calculator.